I wonder, are there any intermediate languages that are non-binary? Java bytecode and the Microsoft Intermediate Language are both represented by binary files I think.

Well, some languages are higher level than others. Pure microcode expanded binary is actually a rarity.

Voyager’s computer, at least, works on quaternary (4 state) data rather than binary (2 state) data. They keep referring to data storage quantities in quads rather than bits or bytes.